Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)
Technological development reached to Indian school classrooms in 1960s.
Now India widely uses the technological assistance for teaching and
transaction. Technology is highly advanced from the good old OHP to the most
advanced devices. Computer and allied components and internet become essential
to the classroom teaching. The technology alone will not be worthy for a
classroom. Effective uses of pedagogical principles through technological
devices are the essential thing. We must redefine pedagogy to go on with the
technology. This is the initial step of Technological Pedagogical Content
Knowledge.
Technological pedagogical
content knowledge is essential to a social science teacher. Social science
teacher can do active teaching with the techno-pedagogy. The following points
can be traced out in this regard:
- The technological knowledge enhances teachers to teach effectively
The technology alone can’t work effectively in a classroom. TPACK blends
the technology, content and pedagogy for progressive utilization. TPACK
consists of 7 different knowledge areas. They are:
- Content Knowledge
- Pedagogical Knowledge
- Technology Knowledge
- Pedagogical Content Knowledge
- Technological Content Knowledge
- Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
- Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
TPACK is the interaction of three primary forms of knowledge: Content,
Pedagogy and Technology. The
relationship between these three items can be illustrated as follows: (hyp to Wikipedia)
Technology
knowledge
Technology knowledge refers to an understanding of the way that
technologies are used in a specific content domain. For example, for social science teachers, it
is an understanding of the range of technologies that historians or economists
or exerts in geography use in social science and allied subjects. Within the context of technology integration
in schools, it appears to most often refer to digital technologies such as
laptops, the Internet, and software applications.
Content Knowledge
Content knowledge includes knowledge of concepts, theories, and
conceptual frameworks as well as knowledge about accepted ways of developing
knowledge. For example It is the knowledge in any areas of social science.
Pedagogical Knowledge
Pedagogical knowledge is the knowledge in pedagogy as a science of
instruction. It includes general knowledge about how students learn, teaching
approaches, methods of assessment and knowledge of different theories of
learning.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Pedagogical content knowledge is knowledge about how to combine pedagogy
and content effectively. This is knowledge about how to make a subject
understandable to learners. PCK includes knowledge of what makes a subject
difficult or easy to learn, as well as knowledge of common misconceptions and
likely preconceptions students bring with them to the classroom
Technological Content Knowledge
Technological content knowledge refers to knowledge about how technology
may be used to provide new ways of teaching content. For example, digital animation makes it
possible for students to conceptualize how electrons are shared between atoms
when chemical compounds are formed
Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
Technological pedagogical knowledge refers to the affordances and
constraints of technology as an enabler of different teaching approaches. For
example online collaboration tools may facilitate social learning for
geographically separated learners.
Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Technological pedagogical content knowledge refers to the knowledge and
understanding of the interplay between CK, PK and TK when using technology for
teaching and learning. It includes an understanding of the complexity of
relationships between students, teachers, content, practices and technologies
M-learning
M learning stands for Mobile learning. Mobile is a handy device that can
be used for effective learning too. It means learning using portable devices
that allow the student to learn in different environments and while on the move
instead of being restricted to a classroom setting or tied to a desk. It is a
portable technology.
It is an Electronic Learning
as a subset of Distance Learning.
- Mobile Learning is a Subset of E learning. It is very effective device to make use for e-learning. M learning have become extremely important words of the educational technological revolution. M learning is a whole boost of ideas and resources for the tech savvy teacher.
The
Importance of mobile learning
M learning has the following importance:
•
It is
important to bring new technology into the classroom.
•
Devices used
are more lightweight than books and computers.
•
Mobile
learning can be used to diversify the types of learning activities that students
partake.
•
Mobile
learning supports the learning process rather than being fundamental to its
uses.
•
Mobile
learning can be a useful add-on tool for students with special needs. However,
for SMS and MMS this might be dependent on the students’ specific disabilities
or difficulties involved.
•
Mobile
learning can be used as a ‘hook’ to re-engage disaffected youth.
•
It is very
effective for making use social media as an educational support
Other
Merits
•
Relatively
less expensive, as the cost of mobile devices are significantly less than Personal
Computerss and laptops
•
Opportunities
for multimedia content delivery and creation options
•
Continuous
learning support for inidividual
•
No training
costs
•
Potentially a
more rewarding learning experience
•
New
opportunities for traditional educational institutions
•
Provides
Virtual learning environment
•
A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a Web-based policy for the
digital aspects of courses of study within educational institutions. VLEs
typically: allow participants to be organized into associates, groups and
roles; present resources, activities and interactions within a course
structure; provide for the different stages of assessment; report on
participation; and have some level of integration with other institutional
systems.
Virtual learning: Student accessibility features
A virtual
learning environment offers a learning system with many components, with added
advantage of computer based learning and teaching space. One of the process to
enhance the learning experience was the virtual resource room, which is student
centered, works in a self paced format, and which encourages students to take
responsibility for their own learning. In virtual mode, the materials are
available in the form of computer aided learning program, lecture notes,
special self-assessment module. Another mechanism for student to student
interactions in a form of simple discussion forum is by using a novel link
Cyber tutor. This allows the students with an email account to connect with
course content and the staff with their doubts and related questions. The
students are able to contact the staff without a face to face visit which saves
the on campus time. The staff remains anonymous which allows for the several
staff to act as a cyber tutor during the course. The student does not remain
anonymous although their email address is cryptic enough to mask their
identity. Students can discuss about the exams, lab reports, posters, lectures,
and technical help with downloading materials. The evaluation of the use of
Virtual resource room is done by surveys, focus groups and online feedback
forms. The students have 24 hours of access to the learning material in a day
which suits their varied life styles. They also find the learning materials to
be very useful for many different reasons.
Virtual field trip: Virtual field trip simply means
a field trip by using technological and internet resources. It is
the opportunity to explore and see places, things, and people not normally seen
on a typical classroom day. During a classroom virtual field trip, students can
explore places across the high seas, states across our country, and many nearby
or far away people, places, and things. This is an opportunity to see and
experience the world without ever leaving the classroom. Internet connection is
the best need to have a virtual field trip. The virtual field trip has no cost
effective to schools. It eliminates the costs of renting transportation,
additional insurance coverage and the cost of chaperons.
Teachers can explore many virtual
field trip options through websites of Discovery
channel. A Malayalam channel by name SAFARI
and the Sanjaram web site are also
providing virtual fieldtrips. . There is a tremendous amount of information on
the internet for planning virtual field trips.
Face book
Face book is an online social networking service. The
Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg.
Uses of face book for a social science teacher
- Ask for information collection: The crowd on Facebook gives information on various fields.
2.
Conduct and attend remote lectures: Using
Facebook, you can tune into remote lectures and presentations from around the
world.
- Useful as Museums, social science lab, book bank and more: Help your students follow along with local and international museums, art galleries, exhibits, and more for enriched learning on Facebook.
- Firsthand research: Students can connect with family members for genealogy assignments, discuss issues with local celebrities and more through Facebook.
5.
Follow politicians/nations/events and etc: If your class
is studying the current election, use Facebook to follow politicians on the
local, state, and national scale. You can even ask students to interact with
the candidates, posting questions and getting feedback.
6.
Public polling: Students can research and poll
friends and family members by simply asking questions on Facebook.
Whatsapp
WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform, encrypted, instant
messaging system for Smartphone. It uses the Internet to send text
messages, documents, images, video, user location
and audio messages to other users
using mobile device with whats aap.
The underlying
purpose of WhatsApp is to facilitate communication, and at its most basic
level, education is nothing but communication. WhatsApp can provide a channel
through which teachers can achieve faster and more seamless communication with
their students. It can also increase the level of communication between students and create another
venue for learning
Education Strategies for WhatsApp
whats aap is useful for:
whats aap is useful for:
1) Use the Group Chats feature to create learning and
study groups
2) Create audio lessons that
can be sent directly to students
3) Stay in contact with
students outside the classroom
4) Send out problems or
assignments to students even when they are not in class
5) Stay in contact with parents
6) Send videos to students
7) Send graphics such as
pictures or charts directly to students
8) Send report cards directly
to the parents’ phones
9) Facilitate real-time
communication between students and teachers.
10) Facilitate real-time
communication between teachers and parents.
11) Teachers can maintain
communication with students.
2 comments:
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Thank you for the most informative TPCK
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